RJA #9

Thesis
This background essay is mainly talking about the birth of the Mozart Effect. In order to increase the intelligence, people tried massive ways, and the Mozart Effect is just one of them. The Mozart Effect is originated from an experiment and has been widely analyzed through the entire world.

Outline
1. Using Einstein to grab people's attraction and also begin my essay.
2. Introduction of the first experiment of the Mozart Effect.
3. Introduce several area that people use the Mozart Effect.


Annotated Bibliography


Society has often hoped for a quick and simple way of increasing intelligence. In 1993, such a possibility was offered by researchers at the University of California, Irvine. Rauscher, Shaw, and Ky (1993) found that a group of 36 college undergraduates improved their spatial-temporal intelligence (the ability to mentally manipulate objects in three-dimensional space) after listening to 10 minutes of a Mozart sonata. Results showed that student' IQ scores improved by 8-9 points and lasted for 10-15 minutes. The findings, which were later dubbed the Mozart effect, have spawned both criticism and support for music's ability to alter intelligence.
Human Intelligence: Mozart Effect." Indiana University. Web. 08 July 2011. 


最受欢迎胎教音乐 这篇论文的主要作者、美国威斯康星州立大学副教授弗兰斯·劳舍尔本身也是一位大提琴演奏家，此 后，她用老鼠做过类似的试验。研究者为还在子宫中的小老鼠播放同一首曲子，并让它们在出生后两个月 内继续听这首曲子，然后将这些老鼠放置在迷宫中。结果，听过莫扎特的小老鼠找到出口的速度比其他没 听过莫扎特曲子的三组老鼠都要快。 此后十多年，劳舍尔的研究在学术界引发了一场风暴，不少学者对她的发现进行了修正或者抨击。无 论如何，劳舍尔的研究获得了媒体的广泛关注，并导致了一场流行心理学热潮。现在莫扎特曲子已经成了 最受欢迎的胎教音乐。


巴黎医生阿尔弗雷德·托马提斯是利用莫扎特音乐进行治疗的先驱，他用莫扎特的音乐治疗各种儿童 缺陷和包括抑郁症在内的成人疾病。目前，波兰已经在全国范围内引入了托马提斯的治疗方法，主要帮助 孩子克服一些学习上的困难。但此类治疗方法只在少数几个国家得到正式承认，传统的音乐治疗医师对此 也多有怀疑。


"莫扎特效应_百度文库." 百度文库――文档分享平台. Web. 08 July 2011. <http://wenku.baidu.com/view/a7ec721a964bcf84b9d57ba1.html>.